현재 사용하고 있는 계정의 aws free-tier가 거의 끝나기도 했고 기존 wigit 서버와 youtube-shortener 서버를 계속 돌리고 있어 요금이 많이 나오기도 했다. 따라서 대안을 찾던 중 youtube-shortener 서버를 Google Cloud Platform을 옮기기로 했다.

1. nginx, certbot 설정하기

# docker-compose.yml

services:
  database:
    # Dockerfile이 있는 위치
    build: ./database
    image: yuyeol3/youtube-shortener-database
    # 내부에서 개방할 포트 : 외부에서 접근할 포트
    ports:
      - "4000:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./database/mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
    env_file:
      - ./database/.env

  backend:
    build: ./youtube_shortener
    image: yuyeol3/youtube-shortener-backend
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment: 
      - DBHOST=database

  ############################
  # NGINX - Reverse Proxy
  ############################
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: nginx-reverse-proxy
    depends_on:
      - backend
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      # Mount your custom NGINX configuration
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
      # Mount the certificates generated by certbot
      - ./data/certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt 
      - ./data/certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    # You can also use environment variables or a custom default.conf
    # so that NGINX points to your backend container(s).
    # recert를 위한 command
    # command: "/bin/sh -c 'while :; do sleep 6h & wait $${!}; nginx -s reload; done & nginx -g \"daemon off;\"'"

  ############################
  # CERTBOT - Let's Encrypt
  ############################
  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    container_name: certbot
    depends_on:
      - nginx
    volumes:
      - ./certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt 
      - ./certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    # We will run Certbot commands manually (or via a script) to obtain certificates
    # recert를 위한 command
    # entrypoint: "/bin/sh -c 'trap exit TERM; while :; do certbot renew; sleep 12h & wait $${!}; done;'"

# volumes:

docker-compose.yml에서 nginx와 certbot을 추가한다. ./certbot 에 conf 폴더와 www 폴더를 만든다. ./nginx/conf.d/에 default.conf를 만들고 다음과 같이 설정하자.

# ./nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name youtube-shortener.duckdns.org;

    # # 정적 파일이 위치한 폴더
    # root /home/ubuntu/youtube_shortener/backend/public;
    # index index.html;

    # location /assets/ {
    #    try_files $uri $uri/ @app;
    # }

    # 요청 URL이 파일이나 디렉터리로 존재하면 정적 서빙,
    # 없으면 @app 위치 블록(Express 서버)로 요청을 넘김

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }


    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ @app;
    }

    # 동적 처리가 필요한 경우 Express 서버로 프록시
    location @app {
        proxy_pass http://backend:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

    # # SSL 설정 (Certbot에서 관리)
    # ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/youtube-shortener.duckdns.org/fullchain.pem;
    # ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/youtube-shortener.duckdns.org/privkey.pem;
    # include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    # ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
}

# server {
#     listen 80;
#     listen [::]:80;
#     server_name youtube-shortener.duckdns.org;

#     # HTTP 요청은 HTTPS로 리다이렉트
#     return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
# }

아직 https 인증을 받지 못했으므로 인증서 파일이 없다. 따라서 일단 ssl 설정 등은 주석 처리를 통해 비활성화해야 오류가 나지 않는다.

$ sudo docker compose pull
$ sudo docker compose up -d
$ sudo docker ps

backend와 nginx가 살아있는지 확인한다.

2. 인증 스크립트를 통해 https 인증받기

$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wmnnd/nginx-certbot/master/init-letsencrypt.sh > $ init-letsencrypt.sh
$ chmod +x init-letsencrypt.sh
$ nano init-letsencrypt.sh   # 도메인, 이메일, 디렉토리 수정
$ sudo ./init-letsencrypt.sh # 인증서 발급

# ./init-letsencrypt.sh
#!/bin/bash

if ! [ -x "$(command -v docker-compose)" ]; then
  echo 'Error: docker-compose is not installed.' >&2
  exit 1
fi

domains=(domain1 domain2)
rsa_key_size=4096
data_path="./certbot"
email="(email)"
staging=0 # Set to 1 if you're testing your setup to avoid hitting request limits

if [ -d "$data_path" ]; then
  read -p "Existing data found for $domains. Continue and replace existing certificate? (y/N) " decision
  if [ "$decision" != "Y" ] && [ "$decision" != "y" ]; then
    exit
  fi
fi


if [ ! -e "$data_path/conf/options-ssl-nginx.conf" ] || [ ! -e "$data_path/conf/ssl-dhparams.pem" ]; then
  echo "### Downloading recommended TLS parameters ..."
  mkdir -p "$data_path/conf"
  curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf > "$data_path/conf/options-ssl-nginx.conf"
  curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot/certbot/ssl-dhparams.pem > "$data_path/conf/ssl-dhparams.pem"
  echo
fi

echo "### Creating dummy certificate for $domains ..."
path="/etc/letsencrypt/live/$domains"
mkdir -p "$data_path/conf/live/$domains"
docker compose run --rm --entrypoint "\
  openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:$rsa_key_size -days 1\
    -keyout '$path/privkey.pem' \
    -out '$path/fullchain.pem' \
    -subj '/CN=localhost'" certbot
echo


echo "### Starting nginx ..."
docker compose up --force-recreate -d nginx
echo

echo "### Deleting dummy certificate for $domains ..."
docker compose run --rm --entrypoint "\
  rm -Rf /etc/letsencrypt/live/$domains && \
  rm -Rf /etc/letsencrypt/archive/$domains && \
  rm -Rf /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/$domains.conf" certbot
echo


echo "### Requesting Let's Encrypt certificate for $domains ..."
#Join $domains to -d args
domain_args=""
for domain in "${domains[@]}"; do
  domain_args="$domain_args -d $domain"
done

# Select appropriate email arg
case "$email" in
  "") email_arg="--register-unsafely-without-email" ;;
  *) email_arg="--email $email" ;;
esac

# Enable staging mode if needed
if [ $staging != "0" ]; then staging_arg="--staging"; fi

docker compose run --rm --entrypoint "\
  certbot certonly --webroot -w /var/www/certbot \
    $staging_arg \
    $email_arg \
    $domain_args \
    --rsa-key-size $rsa_key_size \
    --agree-tos \
    --force-renewal" certbot
echo

echo "### Reloading nginx ..."
docker compose exec nginx nginx -s reload

필자의 경우 docker-compose 명령어가 작동하지 않아서 docker compose로 전부 바꾸어 주었다.

3. 인증 후 nginx, docker-compose.yml 수정하기

# ./nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 ssl;
    server_name youtube-shortener.duckdns.org;

    # 정적 파일이 위치한 폴더
    root /home/ubuntu/youtube_shortener/backend/public;
    index index.html;

    location /assets/ {
        try_files $uri $uri/ @app;
    }

    # 요청 URL이 파일이나 디렉터리로 존재하면 정적 서빙,
    # 없으면 @app 위치 블록(Express 서버)로 요청을 넘김

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }


    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ @app;
    }

    # 동적 처리가 필요한 경우 Express 서버로 프록시
    location @app {
        proxy_pass http://backend:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

    # SSL 설정 (Certbot에서 관리)
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/youtube-shortener.duckdns.org/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/youtube-shortener.duckdns.org/privkey.pem;
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
}

server {
     listen 80;
     listen [::]:80;
     server_name youtube-shortener.duckdns.org;

     # HTTP 요청은 HTTPS로 리다이렉트
     return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

# docker-compose.yml

services:
  database:
    # Dockerfile이 있는 위치
    build: ./database
    image: yuyeol3/youtube-shortener-database
    # 내부에서 개방할 포트 : 외부에서 접근할 포트
    ports:
      - "4000:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./database/mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
    env_file:
      - ./database/.env

  backend:
    build: ./youtube_shortener
    image: yuyeol3/youtube-shortener-backend
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment: 
      - DBHOST=database

  ############################
  # NGINX - Reverse Proxy
  ############################
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: nginx-reverse-proxy
    depends_on:
      - backend
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      # Mount your custom NGINX configuration
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
      # Mount the certificates generated by certbot
      - ./data/certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt 
      - ./data/certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    # You can also use environment variables or a custom default.conf
    # so that NGINX points to your backend container(s).
    # recert를 위한 command
    command: "/bin/sh -c 'while :; do sleep 6h & wait $${!}; nginx -s reload; done & nginx -g \"daemon off;\"'"

  ############################
  # CERTBOT - Let's Encrypt
  ############################
  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    container_name: certbot
    depends_on:
      - nginx
    volumes:
      - ./certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt 
      - ./certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    # We will run Certbot commands manually (or via a script) to obtain certificates
    # recert를 위한 command
    entrypoint: "/bin/sh -c 'trap exit TERM; while :; do certbot renew; sleep 12h & wait $${!}; done;'"

# volumes:

4. service 등록하기

[Unit]
Description=Youtube Shortener
After=network.target docker.service

[Service]
User=(user name)
Group=(user group)
WorkingDirectory=/home/zerom50/server
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker compose up --detach
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
Environment="DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

user에게 docker 권한이 없을 수 있으므로 다음과 같이 설정한다.

groups zerom50  # 현재 그룹 확인
sudo usermod -aG docker zerom50 # docker 그룹 추가가

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl enable server
$ sudo systemctl start server
$ sudo systemctl status server